Police regarded the labor union as a 'nest of socialists' and were likely unsettled by the well-organized food relief program. On September 1, 1923, immediately after the earthquake, Yamaguchi organized his union to provide food and water to the neighborhood, including commandeering supplies from ruined buildings.

Yamaguchi was a left-wing organizer and at the May Day rally in 1920, some of his union members had shouted anti-colonial slogans Japanese police responded with arrests and abuse. Korean laborers in Yokohama had joined a stevedore union led by the Japanese organizer Yamaguchi Seiken. Timeline September 1: Korean labor union offers food relief Since 2017, the Governor of Tokyo Yuriko Koike has consistently expressed skepticism that the massacre occurred. In recent years, it has continued to be denied or minimized by both mainstream Japanese politicians and fringe Japanese right-wing groups. The Governor-General of Korea paid out 200 yen in compensation to 832 families of massacre victims, although the Japanese government on the mainland only admitted to about 250 deaths. Beginning on September 18, the Japanese government arrested 735 participants in the massacre, but they were reportedly given light sentences. Meanwhile, government officials met and created a plan to suppress information about and minimize the scale of the killings. The massacre began on the day of the earthquake, September 1, 1923, and continued for three weeks.

With the explicit and implicit approval of parts of the Imperial Japanese government, the Japanese military, police, and vigilantes murdered an estimated 6,000 people: mainly ethnic Koreans, but also Chinese and Japanese people mistaken to be Korean, and Japanese communists, socialists, and anarchists. The Kantō Massacre was a mass murder in the Kantō region committed in the aftermath of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake.

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